ModelSerialzer的使用

1. 定义

比如我们创建一个BookInfoSerializer

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        fields = '__all__'

• model 指明参照哪个模型类
• fields 指明为模型类的哪些字段生成

我们可以在python manage.py shell中查看自动生成的BookInfoSerializer的具体实现

>>> from booktest.serializers import BookInfoSerializer
>>> serializer = BookInfoSerializer()
>>> serializer
BookInfoSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
    btitle = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
    bpub_date = DateField(allow_null=True, label='发布日期', required=False)
    bread = IntegerField(label='阅读量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
    bcomment = IntegerField(label='评论量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
    image = ImageField(allow_null=True, label='图片', max_length=100, required=False)

2. 指定字段

1) 使用fields来明确字段，all表名包含所有字段，也可以写明具体哪些字段，如

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        fields = ('id', 'btitle', 'bpub_date')

2) 使用exclude可以明确排除掉哪些字段

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        exclude = ('image',)

3) 默认ModelSerializer使用主键作为关联字段，但是我们可以使用depth来简单的生成嵌套表示，depth应该是整数，表明嵌套的层级数量。如：

class HeroInfoSerializer2(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = HeroInfo
        fields = '__all__'
        depth = 1

形成的序列化器如下：

HeroInfoSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
    hname = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
    hgender = ChoiceField(choices=((0, 'male'), (1, 'female')), label='性别', required=False, validators=[<django.core.valators.MinValueValidator object>, <django.core.validators.MaxValueValidator object>])
    hcomment = CharField(allow_null=True, label='描述信息', max_length=200, required=False)
    hbook = NestedSerializer(read_only=True):
        id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
        btitle = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
        bpub_date = DateField(allow_null=True, label='发布日期', required=False)
        bread = IntegerField(label='阅读量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
        bcomment = IntegerField(label='评论量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
        image = ImageField(allow_null=True, label='图片', max_length=100, required=False)

4) 显示指明字段，如：

class HeroInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    hbook = BookInfoSerializer()

    class Meta:
        model = HeroInfo
        fields = ('id', 'hname', 'hgender', 'hcomment', 'hbook')

5) 指明只读字段

可以通过read_only_fields指明只读字段，即仅用于序列化输出的字段

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        fields = ('id', 'btitle', 'bpub_date'， 'bread', 'bcomment')
        read_only_fields = ('id', 'bread', 'bcomment')

3. 添加额外参数

我们可以使用extra_kwargs参数为ModelSerializer添加或修改原有的选项参数

lass BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        fields = ('id', 'btitle', 'bpub_date', 'bread', 'bcomment')
        extra_kwargs = {
            'bread': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True},
            'bcomment': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True},
        }

# BookInfoSerializer():
#    id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
#    btitle = CharField(label='名称', max_length=20)
#    bpub_date = DateField(allow_null=True, label='发布日期', required=False)
#    bread = IntegerField(label='阅读量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=0, required=True)
#    bcomment = IntegerField(label='评论量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=0, required=True)